El Niño/La Niña-Southern Oscillation or also known as ENSO is a quasiperiodic climate pattern that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean roughly every five years. It is characterized by variations in the temperature of the surface of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. The warming or cooling is known as El Niño and La Niña respectively.
The air surface pressure in the tropical western Pacific is the Southern Oscillation. El Niño is the warm oceanic phase which accompanies high air surface pressure in the Western Pacific. El Niño-Southern Oscillation is often called just "El Niño" which is the Spanish word for "the little boy" that refers to Christ Child which is usually noticed during Christmas Season. It causes extreme weather such as droughts that can destruct our crops.
The cold phase is La Niña which accompanies low air surface pressure in the Western Pacific. La Niña is the name for the cold phase of ENSO, during which the cold pool in the Eastern Pacific intensifies and the trade winds strengthen. The name La Niña originates from Spanish, meaning "the girl". La Niña causes mostly the opposite effects of El Niño. It causes too much floods that might kill our lives and destroy our crops and environment.
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